This page is designed to provide comprehensive, hands-on verb form practice for students who, one way or another, have encountered most or all of the Spanish verb tenses and wish to practice them. If you have studied just the first few tenses, click here.

The exercises provided are designed to bring you to a level where you can readily produce, when speaking or writing, a verb form when you need it without looking it up. The goal here is active knowledge, not mere recognition.

We begin with a list of 39 "core verbs."

WHAT'S A "CORE VERB"?

It's nothing official, actually. It's just a term I use to give you an idea of how to address the task of learning to conjugate Spanish verbs.

It's simple: If you can correctly conjugate the verbs on the list below in all their forms, plus the verbs (if any) conjugated just like them, you can call yourself a master of Spanish verbs. There are some low-frequency verbs not covered here, but you'll have most of it.

The list consists of model and uniquely irregular verbs.

Model verbs represent a group of verbs that, regular or otherwise, are conjugated the same way. For example, hablar represents all regular -ar verbs. If you can conjugate it, you can conjugate any regular verb in that class. For each model verb, other common verbs of its type are listed. The lists are representative rather than exhaustive.

Uniquely irregular verbs are very common ones that are either "one-of-a-kind" (ser, for example) or that represent a very small class, the other members of the class being compounds of the same verb (eg, poner→oponer, suponer, etc.).

Order of the List
Verbs are listed by group (regular, uniquely irregular, stem-changing, etc.). They are listed first in the table and then further down, with more detail added. This order also represents a suggested order for review of the verbs. (But that too is not official.)

Click on the verb itself to see a description of the verb type it represents, and see a representative list of others of the same type. From there you can go to its full conjugation, and to interactive quizzes where you actually input the verb forms and get instant feedback.

How to Proceed

• Go to the list right below, and click on hablar. View its full conjugation if desired.
• Then click on the quizzes link and practice the regular verbs, of which hablar is one. For each verb type, you will see two quizzes, which cover the most common tenses. Repeat any quiz in which weaknesses show up.
• Continue with following quizzes or close the quiz window and return to this window.
• Go back to list and try other verb types.
• Practice the forms and tenses not covered in these quizzes:
  • commands, present participles, past participles, perfect tenses, and (if desired), vosotros forms.

hablar (speak)   full conjugation  quizzes on regular verbs   list   top of page

Model for: the class of regular -ar verbs. All regular -ar verbs are conjugated like hablar in all tenses and forms. Some other verbs of this type:

bailar (dance); comprar (buy); estudiar (study); llevar (carry, wear); tomar (take, drink); trabajar (work)

comer (eat)   full conjugation  quizzes on regular verbs   list   top of page

Model for: the class of regular -er verbs. All regular -er verbs are conjugated like comer in all tenses and forms. Some other verbs of this type:

aprender (learn); comprender (understand); meter (put in); vender (sell)

vivir (live)  full conjugation  quizzes on regular verbs     list   top of page

Model for: the class of regular -ir verbs. All regular -ir verbs are conjugated like vivir in all tenses and forms. Some other verbs of this type:

asistir (attend); decidir (decide); existir (exist); invadir (invade); recibir (receive); subir (go up)

estar (be)  full conjugation  quizzes on irregular verbs     list   top of page

Uniquely Irregular Verb: irregular in present, preterite and by derivation the imperfect subjunctive. Note the irregular tuv- stem that it shares with tener in preterite and imperfect subjunctive.

ser (be)  full conjugation  quizzes on irregular verbs     list   top of page

Uniquely Irregular Verb: irregular in all simple tenses and forms except future/conditional, the participles, and the affirmative vosotros imperative. Identical to ir in preterite and imperfect subjunctive.

ir (go) full conjugation  quizzes on irregular verbs     list   top of page

Uniquely Irregular Verb: irregular in all simple tenses and forms except future/conditional, the past participle, and the affirmative vosotros imperative. Identical to ser in preterite and imperfect subjunctive.

dar (give) full conjugation   quizzes on irregular verbs    list   top of page

Uniquely Irregular Verb: irregular present indicative yo form; irregular in preterite and by derivation the imperfect subjunctive. Identical first- and third-person singular form of the present subjunctive (dé) bears an accent.

ver (see) full conjugation  quizzes on irregular verbs    list   top of page 

Uniquely Irregular Verb: irregular present indicative yo form (inserts an e, which by derivation is also seen in the present subjunctive); irregular imperfect (inserts an e); irregular past participle.

perder (lose)  full conjugation  quizzes on stem-changing verbs     list   top of page

Model for: the class of -ar and -er verbs whose final stem-vowel is e and that have e→ie changes in some present and imperative forms. (Click on "full conjugation" above and see the bold forms.) Some other verbs of this type:

cerrar (close); confesar (confess); defender (defender); entender (understand); pensar (think)

contar (count, tell)  full conjugation  quizzes on stem-changing verbs     list   top of page

Model for: the class of -ar and -er verbs whose final stem-vowel is o and that have o→ue changes in some present and imperative forms. (Click on "full conjugation" above and see the bold forms.) Some other verbs of this type:

demostrar (demonstrate); encontrar (meet); probar (try, taste ); recordar (remember); volver (return)

preferir (prefer) full conjugation   quizzes on stem-changing verbs     list   top of page

Model for: the class of -ir verbs whose final stem-vowel is e and that have e→ie and e→i changes in some present and imperative forms, and e→i changes in third-person preterite forms, all imperfect subjunctive forms, and the present participle. (Click on "full conjugation" above and see the bold forms.) Some other verbs of this type:

convertir (convert); divertirse (enjoy); interferir (interfere); mentir (lie); sentir (feel)

servir (serve) full conjugation   quizzes on stem-changing verbs     list   top of page

Model for: the class of -ir verbs whose final stem-vowel is e and that have e→i changes in some present and imperative forms, and e→i changes in third-person preterite forms, all imperfect subjunctive forms, and the present participle. (Click on "full conjugation" above and see the bold forms.) Some other verbs of this type:

competir (compete); impedir (impede); medir (measure); pedir (request); vestir (dress)

dormir (sleep) full conjugation   quizzes on stem-changing verbs     list   top of page

Model for: the class of -ir verbs whose final stem-vowel is o and that have o→ue and o→u changes in some present and imperative forms, and o→u changes in third-person preterite forms, all imperfect subjunctive forms, and the present participle. (Click on "full conjugation" above and see the bold forms.) The only other verb of this type:

morir (die)

These verbs all have irregular preterite stems in all forms. In first- and third-person singular forms, they differ from regular verbs in their stress pattern and endings. Those with stems ending in j drop the i from the third-person plural ending.

Each verb has additional irregular features.

decir (say, tell) full conjugation   quizzes on irregular preterite verbs     list   top of page

(Click on "full conjugation" above and see the bold forms.) Compounds of this verb are conjugated identically except that bendecir (bless) and maldecir (curse) are regular in the affirmative <ú>tú command, future/conditional and past participle, predecir (predict) in the affirmative tú command and future/conditional, and contradecir (contradict) in the affirmative <ú>tú command.

hacer (do, make) full conjugation   quizzes on irregular preterite verbs     list   top of page

(Click on "full conjugation" above and see the bold forms.) The common compound deshacer (undo) is conjugated identically.

querer (want)  full conjugation  quizzes on irregular preterite verbs     list   top of page

(Click on "full conjugation" above and see the bold forms.)

saber (know) full conjugation   quizzes on irregular preterite verbs     list   top of page

(Click on "full conjugation" above and see the bold forms.)

tener (have) full conjugation   quizzes on irregular preterite verbs     list   top of page

(Click on "full conjugation" above and see the bold forms.) Compounds of this verb such as contener (contain), detener (detain), mantener (maintain), obtener (obtain) are conjugaged identically.

venir (come) full conjugation   quizzes on irregular preterite verbs     list   top of page

(Click on "full conjugation" above and see the bold forms.) Compounds of this verb such as intervenir (intervene), prevenir (prevent), are conjugaged identically.

poder (be able) full conjugation   quizzes on irregular preterite verbs     list   top of page

(Click on "full conjugation" above and see the bold forms.)

poner (put)  full conjugation  quizzes on irregular preterite verbs     list   top of page

(Click on "full conjugation" above and see the bold forms.) Compounds of this verb such as exponer (expose), oponerse (oppose), proponer (propose), suponer (suppose) are conjugaged identically.

traer (bring) full conjugation   quizzes on irregular preterite verbs     list   top of page

(Click on "full conjugation" above and see the bold forms.) Compounds of this verb such as contraer (contract), distraer (distract) are conjugaged identically.

reducir (reduce) full conjugation   quizzes on irregular preterite verbs     list   top of page

Model for: the class of -ucir verbs. All -ucir verbs are conjugated like reducir in all tenses and forms. (Click on "full conjugation" above and see the bold forms.) Comounds of this verb, such as conducir (drive); introducir (introduce); producir (produce); traducir (translate), are conjugated identically.

salir (leave) full conjugation   quizzes on salir and -cer verbs     list   top of page

Uniquely Irregular Verb: has a variety of irregular features. (Click on "full conjugation" above and see the bold forms.)

conocer (know, be acquainted with)  full conjugation  quizzes on salir and -cer verbs     list   top of page

Model for: almost all verbs ending in -acer, -ecer, ocer. These verb insert a z in the present indicative yo form, which also affect all forms of the present subjunctive. These are the only irregular forms. Some other verbs of this type:

crecer (grow); nacer (be born);ofrecer (offer); parecer (seem)

construir (build) full conjugation   quizzes on verbs with y/i changes     list   top of page

Model for: all verbs ending in -uir.(Click on "full conjugation" above and see the bold forms.) Some other verbs of this type:

destruir (destroy); huir (flee); incluir (include)

creer (believe) full conjugation   quizzes on verbs with y/i changes     list   top of page

Model for: most verbs ending in -aer, -eer. These verbs insert a y in third person forms of preterite, all forms of the imperfect subjunctive, and the present participle. Some other verbs of this type:

caer (fall); leer (read); poseer (possess)

oír (hear) full conjugation   quizzes on verbs with y/i changes     list   top of page

Uniquely irregular verb: (Click on "full conjugation" above and see the bold forms.)

reír (laugh)  full conjugation  quizzes on verbs with y/i changes     list   top of page

Model for: -eír verbs: these verbs delete an i in some forms where ii would otherwise occur, as in third-person preterite forms (*riió→rió; *riieron→rieron), and elsewhere. These verbs also have the same e→i changes as servir-type verbs. (Click on "full conjugation" above and see the bold forms.) Other verbs of this type:

freír (fry); sonreír (smile)

pagar (pay) full conjugation   quizzes on verbs with consonant changes     list   top of page

Model for: all -ar verbs whose stem ends in a "hard" g sound. (Click on "full conjugation" above and see the bold forms.) Some other verbs of this type:

llegar (arrive); pegar (stick)

jugar (play)  full conjugation  quizzes on verbs with consonant changes     list   top of page

A common verb that has consonant spelling changes and a very unusual u→ue stem change in some forms. (Click on "full conjugation" above and see the bold forms.)

distinguir (distinguish) full conjugation  quizzes on verbs with consonant changes     list   top of page

Model for: all -ir verbs whose stem ends in a "hard" g sound. (Click on "full conjugation" above and see the bold forms.) Some other verbs of this type:

conseguir (get); extinguir (extinguish); seguir (follow)

cruzar (cross) full conjugation   quizzes on verbs with consonant changes     list   top of page

Model for: all -ar verbs whose stem ends in an s (th in Spain) sound that is spelled either z or c. (Click on "full conjugation" above and see the bold forms.) Some other verbs of this type:

abrazar (embrace); cazar (hunt); organizar (organize)

convencer (convince) full conjugation   quizzes on verbs with consonant changes     list   top of page

Model for: all -er and -ir verbs whose stem ends in s (th in Spain) sound that is spelled either z or c. (Click on "full conjugation" above and see the bold forms.) Some other verbs of this type:

ejercer (exercise); esparcir (scatter); vencer (triumph); zarcir (darn)

buscar (look for)  full conjugation  quizzes on verbs with consonant changes     list   top of page

Model for: all -ar verbs whose stem ends in a k sound. (Click on "full conjugation" above and see the bold forms.) Some other verbs of this type:

aplicar (apply); clasificar (classify); sacar (take out); tocar (play an instrument )

proteger (protect) full conjugation   quizzes on verbs with consonant changes     list   top of page

Model for: all -er and -ir verbs whose stem ends in the jota sound. (Click on "full conjugation" above and see the bold forms.) Some other verbs of this type:

dirigir (direct); escoger (choose); exigir (demand); recoger (collect); regir (rule)

averiguar (ascertain) full conjugation   quizzes on verbs with consonant changes     list   top of page

Model for: all -ar verbs whose stem ends in a gw sound.(Click on "full conjugation" above and see the bold forms.) Some other verbs of this type:

aguar (water); apaciguar (pacify); atestiguar (testify)

VERBS WITH STRESS SHIFT

enviar (send) full conjugation   quizzes on stress-shifting verbs     list   top of page

Model for: those -iar verbs whose stress shifts from its expected place in some forms, and therefore differ from -iar verbs with normal stress like cambiar and estudiar. This stress shift is seen in some present indicative and subjunctive forms and is marked with an accent. Some other verbs of this type:

criar (raise, rear); guiar (guide); variar (vary)

continuar (continue) full conjugation   quizzes on stress-shifting verbs     list   top of page

Model for: those -uar verbs whose stress shifts from its expected place in some forms, and therefore differ from -uar verbs normal stress like averiguar. This stress shift is seen in some present indicative and subjunctive forms and is marked with an accent. Some other verbs of this type:

actuar (act); evaluar (evaluate); graduarse (graduate); perpetuar (perpetuate)